Please help I really don’t get these!

Aspacecraft can attain a stable orbit 300 kilometers above earth if it reaches a velocity of 7.7 kilometers per second. the formula for a rocket's maximum velocity v in kilometers per second is vequalsminus0.0098tplusc ln upper r, where t is the firing time in seconds, c is the velocity of the exhaust in kilometers per second, and r is the ratio of the mass of the rocket filled with fuel to the mass of the rocket without fuel. find the velocity of a spacecraft whose booster rocket has a mass ratio of 20, an exhaust velocity of 2.1 km/s, and a firing time of 15 s. can the spacecraft achieve a stable orbit 300 km above earth?

E. which of the following is not a possible probability? a. 25/100 b. 1.25 c. 1 d. 0

The distance from the sun to earth is about 1.5×10 to the 11th m suppose light travels at a speed of 3×10 to the 8th m per second about how long does it take light from sun to reach earth