Which theorist is associated with the idea that information not actively attended to is not lost; rather, it simply decreases in signal strength and is therefore not given any significance or future attention?

Which one is the correct answer, and why?

Assume that there is a 11% rate of disk drive failure in a year. a. if all your computer data is stored on a hard disk drive with a copy stored on a second hard disk drive, what is the probability that during a year, you can avoid catastrophe with at least one working drive? b. if copies of all your computer data are stored on four independent hard disk drives, what is the probability that during a year, you can avoid catastrophe with at least one working drive?

Which expression is equivalent to -12(3x-3/4)