How do you do this? can someone explain or with the answer? 41 43 45

There is a very great website called Desmos that can efficiently graph any equation. 

For 41, you can see that the function is negative which will then be an upside-down parabola.Inside the parentheses is x-1 which means that the entire parabola moves 1 unit to the right. (graph is attached)

For 43,  The function is half of a parabola with the vertex starting at the y-axis. The function will start at y=3 with a curve moving downwards since it's a negative function. (graph attached)

For 45, the function is a shape v and since it's a negative it will become an upside down v. x is added by 2 and the entire function is added by 3 which will mean the function will move 2 units to the left and 3 units up.

Hope This Helps :)