Which numerical expression equals − 1?

Atravel agent is booking a trip to england, scotland, ireland, and france for a group of senior citizens. the agent sent surveys to the group, asking which countries they would like to visit, in order, and created the shown preference schedule (e = england, i = ireland, s = scotland, f = france). which country is the condorcet winner? number of votes 15 12 16 19 1st f e e i 2nd e s i s 3rd s i s e 4th i f f f 1. scotland 2. england 3. france 4.ireland