How are factors related to prime numbers

Apatient is to be given 35 milligrams of demerol every 4 hours. you have demerol 50 milligrams/milliliter in stock. how many milliliters should be given per dose?

White shapes and black shapes are used in a game. some of the shapes are circles. while the rest are squares. the ratio of the number of white shapes to the number of black shapes is 5: 11. the ratio of the number of white cicrles to the number of white squares is 3: 7. the ratio of the number of black circles to the number of black squres is 3: 8. work out what fraction of all the shapes are circles.

Math i have no idea how to do a and b