Explain the acid-balance associated with the following etiology and what the physiological effect/rationale for each:
a. increased base bicarbonate
b. decreased base bicarbonate
c. increased carbonic acid (co2)
d. decreased carbonic acid (co2)
e. severe shock sedative or opioid overdose
f. baking soda use as antacid
g. renal failure
h. anxiety
i. fear
j. pain
k. prolonged vomiting
l. prolonged diarrhea
m. hyperventilation/tachypnea

Explain the difference and similarity between somatic sensory nerves and visceral sensory nerves.

Mr rogers is 2 days postoperative of a thoracotomy of removal of a malignant mass in his left chest. his pain is being managed via epidural catheter with morphine. as the nurse assumes care of mr rogers, he is alert and fully oriented and states that his current pain is 2 on a 1 -to-10 scale. his vital signs are 37.8-92-12, 138/82. what are benefits of epidural versus systemic administration of opioids? the nurse monitors mr roger’s respiratory status and vital signs every 2 hours. what is the rationale for this frequent assessments? the nurse monitors mr rogers for what other complications of epidural anelgesis?

Anurse is assessing a client who is receiving a peripheral iv infusion and notes infiltration the insertion site. which of the following actions should the nurse take? a. flush the iv catherer. b. elevate the extremity. c. apply pressure to the iv site. d. slow the infusion rate.