A 78-year-old woman is seen in the emergency department for difficulty breathing and cough over the past 4 hours. She has a history of congestive heart failure for which she takes hydrochlorothiazide, metoprolol, and enalapril. Her oxygen saturation is 92% on room air. On examination there is a high-pitched systolic crescendodecrescendo murmur best heard at the right upper sternal border with radiation to the carotids, and rales are present in both lung fields on inspiration. There is 2+ symmetrical pitting edema bilaterally in the lower extremities. X-ray of thechest shows an enlarged heart and prominent pulmonary vasculature. Which of the following is themost likely cause of the patient’s pulmonary edema?

(A) Decreased capillary fluid oncotic pressure

(B) Decreased interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure

(C) Increased capillary fluid hydrostatic pressure

(D) Increased capillary permeability

(E) Increased interstitial fluid oncotic pressure

What are preventative health care programs such a free flu shots essential for communities

A10-year-old girl suffered from a rare malignancy in her brain and around her spinal cord. she had surgery, and most of the tumor mass was removed, but residual tumor remained in the brain and around the spinal cord. the girl's doctors informed her parents that chemotherapy and radiation were possible treatment options but could cause serious problems such as sepsis, a permanent loss of iq and stature, and even death. the parents wished to proceed with the therapy. while their child was undergoing aggressive chemotherapy and radiation, the parents did independent research and read of several drugs being administered for cancer in other states that were unapproved by the federal drug administration (fda) and were illegal in their home state but were touted by physicians using them as miracle cures." furthermore, one of the girl's doctors released the girl's medical records to another physician to get a "second opinion" without informing the parents. this particular physician is a member of the same country club as the parents. he happens to share facts from the medical records with other members who end up telling the girl's parents. the couple sued their child's physician for failure to disclose alternative treatments, thus depriving them of informed consent. the couples also sued the child's physician for sharing their daughter's records in violation of the girl's privacy. how should the court rule in both cases? did the child's physician involved follow the law? did he act ethically in either situation? explain your answer. under the doctrine of informed consent, should a physician be responsible for informing patients of all treatment options, even if some of the treatments are illegal or not yet proven effective?

Anurse is assessing a client who is receiving a peripheral iv infusion and notes infiltration the insertion site. which of the following actions should the nurse take? a. flush the iv catherer. b. elevate the extremity. c. apply pressure to the iv site. d. slow the infusion rate.