Which age-related effects on the immune system are seen in the older client?
1
Increased autoantibodies
2
Increased expression of IL-2 receptors
3
Increased delayed hypersensitivity reaction
4
Increased primary and secondary antibody responses

Increased autoantibodies are the age-related effects on the immune system are seen in the older client.

Option 1

The auto antibodies are produced by the WBCs, particularly B cells that attack the antigens of the host cell itself and lead to destruction of the own cells in the process. This is mostly seen in older individuals.

The probable cause of this phenomenon is mainly the over selection of T cells with memory of the own antigens and treating them as the foreign antigens. During aging, thymic T-regulatory cell output decreases in association with the loss of thymic capacity to generate new T cells.

However, to balance the above mentioned autoimmunity and prevent the development of autoimmune diseases, there is an age-related increase in peripheral CD4+ CD25highFoxP3+ T-regulatory cells. This leads to the death of own cells and diseases like Lambert Eaton Syndrome or Myasthenia Gravis are of this kind.

violet light has a shorter wavelength than blue light. violet light is scattered more than blue light. however, the human eye is less sensitive to violet than to blue. as a result, we perceive a blue sky instead of a violet sky.