Key nutritional guidelines for Americans include adding more red meat to diets. eating less refined grains. introducing high-fat dairy foods. eating more fruits and vegetables. limiting sugary drinks.

Mrs. h, age 42 years, is experiencing severe rheumatoid arthritis in her wrists, fingers, and knees. the joints are quite inflamed, red, and swollen. she is sitting rigidly in a chair and refuses to put on a sweater, even though she is shivering, or let anyone touch her arms. she has been prescribed an analgesic and an anti-inflammatory drug, but her dose is not due for another hour. she is feeling nauseated, so she has not eaten for the past 8 hours. based on patient history and the signs and symptoms, discuss how the effects of pain are exacerbating her condition.

Mr. will, a 67-year-old patient, is postoperative day 2 after a coronary artery bypass graft operation to revascularize his coronary arteries that were significantly blocked. he has a midline incision of his chest and a 7-inch incision on the inner aspect of his right thigh where a saphenous vein graft was harvested and used to vascularize the blocked coronary artery. the surgeon ordered oxycodone 5 mg every 4 hours prn for moderate pain and oxycodone 10 mg every 4 hours prn for severe pain. a. considering the patient's age, what medication administration considerations should the nurse incorporate into the pain management plan and why? b. what measures should the nurse provide the patient to prevent adverse effects of analgesic agents from occurring? c. what nonpharmacologic pain management methods should the nurse teach to mr. will to assist with pain management?

Which of the following is the most appropriate use of a freer elevator? a. scrape cement b. clean instruments c. dissect periosteum d. retract tissue