why is it difficult to determine the prenatal effects of environmental agents such as drugs, alcohol, and pollution

Mr. edwards is 20-year-old male patient who is admitted for treatment of recurring pyelonephritis (kidney infection) and surgical treatment of a urinary stricture, which has decreased the urinary stream. mr. edwards has paraplegia; he is paralyzed from the waist down secondary to an automobile accident when he was 16. he came by ambulance to the hospital, leaving his wheelchair and wheelchair pressure- relieving cushion at home. according to the nursing history, the patient is a nonsmoker and he does not drink alcohol or take any illegal drugs. a. what nursing considerations should be made for mr. edwards related to his disability? b. what health promotion and prevention education does mr. edwards need?

Long term care uses adl and iadl scales to measure physical functions. what are these two measures and what purpose do they serve in an ltc.

The nurse in a gynecology clinic is completing preoperative teaching for a patient scheduled for an abdominal hysterectomy next week. the patient states that she is currently taking 325 mg of aspirin daily for chronic joint pain, along with multivitamin. the patient has type 2 diabetes; she closely monitors her blood glucose levels. currently she is taking an oral hypoglycemic agent. the nurse advises her to ask the anesthesiologist whether she should take this medication the morning of surgery. q1. the nurse instructs the patient to stop taking the aspirin. what is the rationale for this action. q2. why is it important to assess the patient of use of herbal products prior to surgery. q3. the patient asks how surgery could affect her blood glucose; how should the nurse respond?