Conclusions related to historical events are limited to subjective evaluation of the existing evidence because a. they cannot be repeated b. they don't need to be tested c. hypotheses cannot be developed d. that is good enough

The passing of heat through a material while the material itself stays in place. a. radiation b. conduction c. convection

An ideal gas is held in a container at constant volume. initially, its temperature is 5 degrees c and its pressure is 1.2 atm. what is its pressure when its temperature is 43 degrees c? answer in units of atm

Some material consisting of a collection of microscopic objects is kept at a high temperature. a photon detector capable of detecting photon energies from infrared through ultraviolet observes photons emitted with energies of 0.3 ev, 0.5 ev, 0.8 ev, 2.0ev, 2.5ev, and 2.8ev. these are the only photon energies observed. (a) draw and label a possible energy-level diagram for one of the microscopic objects, which has four bound states. on the diagram, indicate the transitions corresponding to the emitted photons. explain briefly. (b) would a spring–mass model be a good model for these microscopic objects? why or why not? (c) the material is now cooled down to a very low temperature, and the photon detector stops detecting photon emissions. next, a beam of light with a continuous range of energies from infrared through ultraviolet shines on the material, and the photon detector observes the beam of light after it passes through the material. what photon energies in this beam of light are observed to be significantly reduced in intensity (“dark absorption lines”)? explain briefly.