Can energy be converted into matter

If photon is near an atomic nucleus, the energy of a photon can be converted into an electron and a positron. The photon's energy is converted into a particle's mass through the Einstein's Equation. In particle physics, there is a phenomenon called pair production where energy is in fact transformed into matter.

explanation: in any substance/object, the particles inside it (atoms/molecules) constantly move in random directions and with random speeds (this motion is called brownian motion). as a result, the particles have some kinetic energy (which is proportional to the temperature of the substance).

explanation:

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