Referring to the diagram above, predict what will happen when the switch is closed. explain your answer.

1).  There will be one great spark across the terminals of the switch as it closes.

2). Current will start to flow through the wire, from the ( + ) of the left-side battery, all the way around the circuit, through the coils wrapped around the nail, to the ( - ) of the right-side battery.

3).  The current will be quite large, because the only resistance in the circuit is a bunch of wire, I = V / R, V is around 3 volts, and the resistance of wire is very low.

4). The magnetic field around the wire due to the current flowing through it will cause the nail to become temporarily magnetized.  

5). The batteries will peter out after a comparatively short time, the current will die out, and the nail will become non-magnetic, even if the switch stays closed.  The batteries may even be warm, but in any case, they will be toast.

so here is the information for current research:

-nrel's geothermal analysts, scientists, and engineers perform a full range of research from developing advanced methods of locating and accessing geothermal resources to exploring innovative technologies to extract and produce clean energy from the heat of the earth

and here is the information for the technology of geothermal energy:

-it's clean and sustainable

-resources of geothermal energy range from the shallow ground to hot water and hot rock found a few miles beneath the earth's surface, and down even deeper to the extremely high temperatures of molten rock called magma

-almost everywhere, the shallow ground or upper 10 feet of the earth's surface maintains a nearly constant temperature between 50° and 60°f (10° and 16°c)

-geothermal heat pumps can tap into this resource to heat and cool buildings

-a geothermal heat pump system consists of a heat pump, an air delivery system (ductwork), and a heat exchanger-a system of pipes buried in the shallow ground near the building

-in the winter, the heat pump removes heat from the heat exchanger and pumps it into the indoor air delivery system

-in the summer, the process is reversed, and the heat pump moves heat from the indoor air into the heat exchanger

-the heat removed from the indoor air during the summer can also be used to provide a free source of hot water