This is the angle that light strikes a surface relative to the normal, or an imaginary line perpendicular to the surface. the law of reflection states that this angle is equal to the angle of reflection.

During the experiment if you could triple the breakaway magnetic force with all other quantities left unchanged, what is the new value for the critical velocity if it was v0 (initial velocity), initially? (b) now if you halved the radius with all other quantities left unchanged, what is the new critical velocity if it was v0 (initial velocity), initially? (c) if during the experiment, critical velocity quadrupled with all other quantities left unchanged, what is the new breakaway force if its magnitude was initially f0,?