You need to fill a basketball with air to play with it. you know that your pump expels air at a velocity of 6 cm/s. you know that the volume flow rate of air being pumped into the basketball is 103 cm^3/s. what is the diameter of your needle?

as we know our atmosphere or air have different levels. every level has other gasses, and every gas has another permeability. when the light comes from lower permeability to higher permeability, it changes its direction. so that means that when the light comes from the moon to the earth, it changes it's direction many more times. it basically means that the shape of the light part of the moon is changed on the earth.

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