How long have advances in astronomy been occurring? only for the past few years
only for the past decade
only for the past century
for the past few centuries

The lights used by mark watley (played by matt damon) during the film the martian seem to be metal halide lamps. metal halide lamps are filled with vaporized mercury and metal-halogen compounds. when an electric current is passed through the lamp, the tube begins to glow a bright white/blue color. if you were to pass this light through a prism to separate the individual light frequencies, you would see a rainbow just as you would if using natural sunlight because of the complexity of the metal halide gas and the vast amount of possible electron transitions. (the study of light in this way is known as spectroscopy and allows astronomers to know exactly what atoms compose distant stars, simply by looking at the light they emit. the spectral lines an atom produces uniquely identifies that atom just like a fingerprint uniquely identifies a person. the momentum equation and energy equation that we have used above can be combined to give the following equation: c = e p where again p is the phonon momentum, e is the photon energy and c is the speed of light. when you divide the photon energy found in #6 by the photon momentum found in #4, do you get the speed of light? (if not, check your work for questions #4 through #6). yes no

The particle in a two-dimensional well is a useful model for the motion of electrons around the indole ring (3), the conjugated cycle found in the side chain of tryptophan. we may regard indole as a rectangle with sides of length 280 pm and 450 pm, with 10 electrons in the conjugated p system. as in case study 9.1, we assume that in the ground state of the molecule each quantized level is occupied by two electrons. (a) calculate the energy of an electron in the highest occupied level. (b) calculate the frequency of radiation that can induce a transition between the highest occupied and lowest unoccupied levels. 9.27 electrons around the porphine ring (4), the conjugated macrocycle that forms the structural basis of the heme group and the chlorophylls. we may treat the group as a circular ring of radius 440 pm, with 20 electrons in the conjugated system moving along the perimeter of the ring. as in exercise 9.26, assume that in the ground state of the molecule quantized each level is occupied by two electrons. (a) calculate the energy and angular momentum of an electron in the highest occupied level. (b) calculate the frequency of radiation that can induce a transition between the highest occupied and lowest unoccupied levels.

Awave has a wavelength of 7 mm and a frequency of 19 hertz. what is its speed?