Match the word to the sentence in which the word is missing. question 1 options: daughter isotope nuclear fission radiometric dating nuclear fusion half-life hadron(s) quark isotope cosmic ray spallation supernova 1. there are 6 types of : up, down, strange, charm, bottom, and top. protons are made up of 3 valence : 2 up and 1 down neutrons are also made up of 3 valence : 1 up and 2 down 2. beryllium, and boron atoms were not made by the big bang or inside stars or supernovas. they are made by a process called larger atoms are made by nucleosynthesis in stars and supernovas. when hit by a cosmic ray in outer space, these larger atoms are broken into smaller atoms. some of these smaller atoms are beryllium, and boron. 3. the process of two atoms, with 2 individual nuclei combining into a single atom with a single nuclei is called during the process, some of the mass of the protons and electrons is converted into energy. this is the source of the energy given off by stars and our sun. 4. a large atom has lots of protons and neutrons in its nucleus. the neutrons stabilize the repulsive force the positively charged protons have on each other. if the isotope has the wrong number of neutrons, the atomic nucleus is not totally stabilized and the atom has a chance of splitting into 2 smaller atoms. this is called 5. radioactive isotopes undergo nuclear fission at a steady rate creating daughter isotopes. the age of many objects can be determined by comparing the amount of parent isotope (the original atom) to the amount of daughter isotope. this is called the higher the ratio of daughter isotope to parent isotope indicates an older age. radiometric dating of things which were once living is done by measuring the amount of carbon-14 left in the object. this is called radiocarbon dating. 6. rate of radioactive decay expressed in 50% of atoms decayed/time. this is called because half of the atoms are changed by decay in each carbon-14 has a of 5730 years. uranium-238 has a of 4.5 billion years. 7. all atoms of a specific element have the same number of protons. that is how we define and identify an atom. the number of neutrons existing in the nucleus is roughly equivalent to the number of protons. but it can be a higher or lower number. each atom of an element with a specific number of protons + neutrons is called an most elements can exist as several different 8. some stars undergo a huge explosion called a near the end of their life. the energy density during the is much higher than in the star before the explosion. this extremely high energy density is enough to create many of the larger elements. all of the oxygen atoms in the universe were created from 9. when a radioactive isotope splits into 2 smaller atoms, the smaller atoms are called the 10. there are several types of particles. both protons and neutrons are examples of