Ahouse painter uses the chair-and-pulley arrangement of (figure 1) to lift himself up the side of a house. the painter's mass is 55 kg and the chair's mass is 10 kg .

if the painter is at rest, what is the tension in the rope?

Explanation:

Draw a free body diagram for the painter.  There are three forces acting on him.  The tension in the rope pulling him up, the normal force of the chair pushing him up, and gravity pulling him down.

Apply Newton's second law:

∑F = ma

T + N - W = ma

Since the painter is at rest, a = 0.

T + N - W = 0

T = W - N

T = Mg - N

Now draw a free body diagram of the chair.  The chair has three forces acting on it also.  The tension in the rope pulling it up, the normal force pushing down, and gravity pulling down.

Newton's second law for the chair:

∑F = ma

T - W - N = ma

Since the chair is also not accelerating, a = 0:

T - W - N = 0

T = W + N

T = mg + N

Now we have two equations and two variables.  If we add the equations together, we can eliminate N:

2T = Mg + mg

2T = (M + m) g

T = (M + m) g / 2

Given that M = 55 kg, m = 10 kg, and g = 9.8 m/s²:

T = (55 + 10) (9.8) / 2

T = 318.5 N

If we round to two sig-figs, the tension in the rope is 320 N.

speed of light in vacuum is 300,000 km/s

speed of light in other mediums is given by the expression v = c/n, where c is the speed of light in vacuum and n is the refractive index of medium.

for the first medium v = 200,000 km/s

  so, refractive index of medium = 300000/200000 = 1.5

    1.5 refractive index is usually for glass. so first medium is glass.

for the second medium v = 250,00 km/s

so, refractive index of medium = 300000/250000 = 1.2

    1.2 refractive index is usually for water. so second medium is water.

for the third medium v = 0 km/s

so, refractive index of medium = 300000/0 = ∞

    ∞ refractive index is usually for opaque mediums. so third medium is opaque medium.