The perpendicular distance between the applied force and the center of rotation is called the

Lever arm is defined as the "perpendicular distance that exists from the rotation axis to the line of action of the force". Being its magnitude related to the application of the force that produces a torque.

To understand it better:

The lever arm is an effective distance to apply a force with respect to a certain point, and this distance serves as an effective applied force amplification factor.

So, the greater the lever arm, the greater the torque and the lesser the force we have to apply.

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jupiter is the largest planet in our solar system, having a mass and radius that are respectively, 318 and 11.2 times that of earth. suppose that an object falls from rest near the surface of each planet and that the acceleration due to gravity remains constant during the fall. each object falls the same distance before striking the ground. determine the ratio of the time of fall on jupiter to that on earth.