The copper pipe has an outer diameter of 40mm and an inner diameter of 37mm. if it is attached to the wall at point a and three torques are applied as shown, determine the minimum shear stress developed in the pipe. answers should be given in units of mpa.

Consider a system with two masses that are moving away from each other. why will the kinetic energy differ if the frame of reference is a stationary observer or one of the masses?

Charge is distributed along the entire x-axis with uniform density λ. how much work does the electric field of this charge distribution do on an electron that moves along the y-axis from y = a to y = b? (use the following as necessary: a, b, ε0, λ, and q for the charge on an electron.)

Current from a charged capacitor lights a bulb. as time goes on the brightness of the