Which types of materials have a molecular structure that makes them good conductors explain how understanding this relationship can people design more efficient technologies

The best types of conductors are metals like copper, gold, silver, and iron because they have a low resistance to the electricity to travel through.

Anatomically speaking the best conductors are metals that have few electrons in their valence layer.

conduction, convection, radiation

electromagnetic shielding is the practice of reducing the electromagnetic field in a space by blocking the field with barriers made of conductive or magnetic materials. shielding is typically applied to enclosures to isolate electrical devices from their surroundings, and to cables to isolate wires from the environment through which the cable runs. electromagnetic shielding that blocks radio frequency electromagnetic radiation is also known as rf shielding.

the shielding can reduce the coupling of radio waves, electromagnetic fields and electrostatic fields. a conductive enclosure used to block electrostatic fields is also known as a faraday cage. the amount of reduction depends very much upon the material used, its thickness, the size of the shielded volume and the frequency of the fields of interest and the size, shape and orientation of apertures in a shield to an incident electromagnetic

from wikipedia