Give both a written definition and a mathematical equation for torque.

Explanation:

When two equal and opposite force acting at a line of action, they form a couple. It always gives a turning effect to the body.

The turning force is said to be torque .

Torque is the product of either force and the perpendicular distance between the forces.

Torque = force x perpendicular distance

Its SI unit is Nm. It is a vector quantity.

0.11 m/s and 0.28 m/s should be correct

force is based upon mass and acceleration.the statement is not always true.

it can be explained from newton's second law of motion.

as per newton's second law of motion the rate of change of momentum is directly proportional to the applied force and takes place along the direction of force.

mathematically it can be written as -

                                              ⇒      

here   k is the proportionality constant whose value is 1.

                                                            [a is the acceleration=dv/dt]

hence we see that force not only depends on mass and acceleration but also on velocity and rate of change of mass. force f will depend on mass and acceleration only when mass is constant.

hence the statement that force is based upon mass and acceleration is false.