What is break-junction technique for molecular electronics? briefly explain the procedures of the technique. how can we control the electrode gap in it? can we use steel as substrate for it? why? when we measure the conductance of benzene-1,4- dithiolate molecule using break-junction technique, how can we judge the point when a single molecule is connecting two gold electrodes

see the picture for the vector

the magnitude of the vector by pythagorean theorem

r = √( (-10)^2 + (3)^2 ) = √109

magnitude = √109 units

the direction angle between vector and x-axis is

tan^(-1)(3/10) = 16.699

so the direction is approximately 16.7 degrees north of west

as we know our atmosphere or air have different levels. every level has other gasses, and every gas has another permeability. when the light comes from lower permeability to higher permeability, it changes its direction. so that means that when the light comes from the moon to the earth, it changes it's direction many more times. it basically means that the shape of the light part of the moon is changed on the earth.

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