Recent findings in astrophysics suggest that the observable universe can be modeled as a sphere of radius r = 1.37 x 1010 ly. this is equivalent to 1.3 x 1026 m, with an average total mass density of 1 x 10-26 kg/m3. only about 4% of total mass is due to ‘ordinary’ matter (such as protons, neutrons and electrons). (a)estimate how much ordinary matter (in kg) there is in the observable universe. (b) estimate how much ‘dark matter’ there is in the universe.

In the future, people will only enjoy one sport: electrodisc. in this sport, you gain points when you cause metallic discs hovering on a field to exchange charge. you are an electrodisc player playing the popular four disc variant. the disks have charges of qa = −8.0 µc, qb = −2.0 µc, qc = +5.0 µc, and qd = +12.0 µc. (1) you bring two disks together and then separate them. you measure the resulting charge of these two disks and find that it is +5.0 µc per disk. which two disks did you bring together? (a) a and b (b) a and c (c)a and d (d)b and c(e) b and d (f) c and d. (2) you bring three disks together and then separate them. you measure the resulting charge of these three disks and find that it is +3.0 µc per disk. which three disks did you bring together? a, b, and c (a) a, b, and d (c) a, c, and d (d) b, c, and d. (3) given the resulting charge of each disk measured in (b) is +3.0 µc, how many electrons would you need to add to a disk of this charge to electrically neutralize it? electrons