Adiffraction grating is ruled with 100,000 lines in a distance of 8 cm and used in the first order to study the hyperfine structure of a spectral line at 423 nm. how does the chromatic resolving power compare to that of a equilateral glass prism with a base of 8 cm and refractive indices of 1.5608 at 401nm and 1.5462 at 445 nm? assume the grating was ruled with a blaze to create maximum efficiency at 423 nm (littrow configuration), what is the blaze angle for the ruled grating?

The heater element of a 120 v toaster is a 5.4 m length of nichrome wire, whose diameter is 0.48 mm. the resistivity of nichrome at the operating temperature of the toaster is 1.3 × 10-6 ω·m. the toaster is operated at a voltage of 120 v. (a) what is the power drawn by the toaster? (b) if the cost of electricity is 12 ¢ per kilowatt-hour, and it takes 2 minutes to toast bread, how much does it cost for toasted bread? (c) when the heater element is at room temperature, is the resistivity in the nichrome wire greater than, less than, or equal to it’s resistivity when at operating temperature? explain.