When electrons are removed from the outermost shell of a calcium atom, the atom becomesa. an anion that has a larger radius than the atomb. an anion that has a smaller radius than the atom. c. a cation that has a larger radius than the atom. d. a cation that has a smaller radius than the atom.

When electrons are removed from the outermost shell of a calcium atom, the atom becomes: D. a cation that has a smaller radius than the atom.

An ion can be defined as an atom or molecules (group of atoms) that has either lost or gained one or more of its valence electrons, thereby, making it to have a net positive or negative electrical charge respectively.

Basically, there are two (2) types of ion and these are:

A cation is a positive electrical charge which is formed when the atom of a chemical element losses an electron.

Hence, a cation is formed when an electron is removed from the atom of a chemical element.

Generally, the atomic size of a chemical element would increase when its number of electrons increase, thereby, increasing its atomic radius.

Consequently, the radius of a cation in comparison with the radius of its neutral atom becomes smaller because it losses more electron from the outermost shell of its atom.

In conclusion, when electrons are removed from the outermost shell of a calcium atom, the atom becomes a cation that has a smaller radius than its atom.

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D. a cation that has a smaller radius than the atom.

Explanation:

When electrons are removed from the outermost shell of a calcium atom, the atom becomes a cation that has a smaller radius than the atom.

the order for strong to weak forces such as

strong nuclear force → electromegnetic force → weak nuclear force → gravitational force

the fundamental forces are those forces that act between to objects or element to make interactions. there are four types of fundamental forces such as strong and weak nuclear forces (due to protons and electrons), electromagnetic force (due to the motion of electrons) and gravitational force (due to orbital movement of the planet). if these forces are arranged on the basis of their maximum strength then the order is

strong nuclear force → electromegnetic force → weak nuclear force → gravitational force

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