In this chapter, we identify these characteristic properties of life: life extracts energy from its environment, and has a means of encoding and replicating information in order to make faithful copies of itself. does this definition fully capture what we think of as “life”? how might our definition be biased by our terrestrial environment?

Two horizontal plates with infinite length and width are separated by a distance h in the z direction. the bottom plate is moving at a velocity u. the incompressible fluid trapped between the plates is moving in the positive x-direction with the bottom plate. align gravity with positive z. assume that the flow is fully-developed and laminar. if the systems operates at steady state and the pressure gradient in x-direction can be ignored, do the following: 1. sketch your system 2. identify the coordinate system to be used. 3. show your coordinates and origin point on the sketch. list all your assumptions. 5. apply the continuity equation to your system. nts of navier stokes equations of choice to your system 7. solve the resulting differential equation to obtain the velocity profile within the system make sure to list your boundary conditions. check units of velocity 8. describe the velocity profile you obtain using engineering terminology. sketch that on the same sketch you provided in (1). 9. obtain the equation that describes the volumetric flow rate in the system. check the units.

The horizontal blue line through the middle of the lens is called the optical axis. as the lamp is moved above or below the axis, keeping the horizontal distance to the center of the lens constant, how does the horizontal distance from the lens to the image change?

Why do metals "give up" their valence electrons?