Young's modulus refers to changes in the a volume b- length c- body layers

Explanation:

Young' modulus is the ratio of normal stress to the longitudinal strain. Mathematically, it is given by :

Normal stress is given by force per unit area. Longitudinal strain is the change in length per unit original length.

The mathematical definition of Young's modulus is given by :

..........(1)

Where

is the change in length

F is the force

A is the area of cross section

So, the Young's modulus refers to the change in length of the object. Hence, the correct option is (b) "length".

a straight line sloped

force required to detach it is given by

charges are taken to be fundamental charge

now we have

so above is the minimum distance at which it will detach