An underwater scuba diver sees the sun at an apparent angle of 43.0° above the horizontal. what is the actual elevation angle of the sun above the horizontal? (use 1.333 for the index of refraction of water.) e above the horizon

The actual elevation angle is 12.87 degrees

Explanation:

In the attachment you can clearly see the situation. The angle of elevation as seen for the scuba diver is shown in magenta, we conclude that .

Using Snell's Law we can write:

,

Let's approximate the index of refraction of the air (medium 1 in the picture) to 1.

We thus have:

. Calling the actual angle of elevation, we get from the picture that

an ion is a charged atom or molecule. it is charged because the number of electrons do not equal the number of protons in the atom or molecule. an atom can acquire a positive charge or a negative charge depending on whether the number of electrons in an atom is greater or less then the number of protons in the atom.

electromagnetic shielding is the practice of reducing the electromagnetic field in a space by blocking the field with barriers made of conductive or magnetic materials. shielding is typically applied to enclosures to isolate electrical devices from their surroundings, and to cables to isolate wires from the environment through which the cable runs. electromagnetic shielding that blocks radio frequency electromagnetic radiation is also known as rf shielding.

the shielding can reduce the coupling of radio waves, electromagnetic fields and electrostatic fields. a conductive enclosure used to block electrostatic fields is also known as a faraday cage. the amount of reduction depends very much upon the material used, its thickness, the size of the shielded volume and the frequency of the fields of interest and the size, shape and orientation of apertures in a shield to an incident electromagnetic

from wikipedia