People hoping to travel to other worlds are faced with huge challenges. one of the biggest is the time required for a journey. the nearest star is 4.1×1016m away. suppose you had a spacecraft that could accelerate at 1.3 g for half a year, then continue at a constant speed. (this is far beyond what can be achieved with any known technology.) part a how long would it take you to reach the nearest star to earth?

The travel would take 6.7 years.

Explanation:

The equation for an object moving in a straight line with acceleration is:

x = x0 + v0 t + 1/2a*t²

where:

x = position at time t

x0 = initial position

v0 = initial velocity

a = acceleration

t = time

In a movement with constant speed, a = 0 and the equation for the position will be:

x = x0 + v t

where v = velocity

Let´s calculate the position from the Earth after half a year moving with an acceleration of 1.3 g = 1.3 * 9.8 m/s² = 12.74  m/s²:

Seconds in half a year:

1/2 year = 1.58 x 10⁷ s

x = 0 m + 0 m/s + 1/2 * 12.74 m/s² * (1.58 x 10⁷ s)²  = 1.59 x 10¹⁵ m

Now let´s see how much time it takes the travel to the nearest star after this half year.

The velocity will be the final velocity achived after the half-year travel with an acceleration of 12.74 m/s²

v = v0 + a t

Since the spacecraft starts from rest, v0 = 0

v = 12.74 m/s² * 1.58 x 10⁷ s = 2.01 x 10 ⁸ m/s

Using the equation for position:

x = x0 + v t

4.1 x 10¹⁶ m = 1.59 x 10¹⁵ m + 2.01 x 10 ⁸ m/s * t

(4.1 x 10¹⁶ m - 1.59 x 10¹⁵ m) / 2.01 x 10 ⁸ m/s = t

t = 2.0 x 10⁸ s * 1 year / 3.2 x 10 ⁷ s = 6.2 years.

The travel to the nearest star would take 6.2 years + 0.5 years = 6.7 years.

c) up is the direction the magnetic force is acting on the charge.

pythagoras' theorem

square root (-5^2+9^2)

square root (25+81)

square root (106)

angle is tan^-1(9/5)

neg x, pos y