Psychology! if emma received a standard score on a test that was ranked in the 82nd percentile, it indicates that
a. 18% of students scored lower than emma
b. 82% of students scored lower than emma
c. emma received a b on her test
d. emma answered 18% of the test questions wrong

B. 82% of students scored lower than Emma.

Explanation:

If Emma received a standard score on a test that was ranked in the 82nd percentile, it indicates that 82% of students scored lower than Emma.

see the picture for the vector

the magnitude of the vector by pythagorean theorem

r = √( (-10)^2 + (3)^2 ) = √109

magnitude = √109 units

the direction angle between vector and x-axis is

tan^(-1)(3/10) = 16.699

so the direction is approximately 16.7 degrees north of west

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