Awing-body model is tested in a wind tunnel with a flow of 100 m/s at standard sea-level conditions the wing area is 1.5 m2 and the mean aerodynamic chord length is 0.45 m. measurements of lift force, l, and moment about the center of gravity, mg are made using the wind tunnel force balance b1 (a) when the lift is zero, the moment about the center of gravity is measured to be, mcg =-12.4 nm. at another angle of attack, the force balance measurements give, l = 3675 n and m 20.67 nm calculate the location of the aerodynamic center (3 marks) and the moment coefficient about the aerodynamic center. (3 marks) b1 (b) a lead mass is added to the rear of the model which moves the center of gravity rearward by 20% of the mean wing chord. calculate mg when l = 4000 n (4 marks) b1 (c) the lead mass is removed and a horizontal tail without an elevator is added to the model. the distance from the airplane center of gravity to the aerodynamic center of the tail is 1.0 m. the area of the tail is 0.4 m2 and the tail-setting angle is 2.0°. the tail has a lift-curve slope of 0.12 per degree. experimental measurements give the downwash in terms of angle of attack, e= 0.42a, i. e. the downwash is zero for zero angle of attack, e = 0 for the case where the angle of attack, a = 5.0°, and the lift, l= 4134 n: (i) calculate mcgc (4 marks) (ii) determine whether the model possesses longitudinal static stability (4 marks) (iii calculate the location of the neutral point and the static margin if h=0.26 (4 marks) bl (d) an elevator is added to the horizontal tail with the property ac /as =0.04 per degree calculate the elevator deflection angle required to trim the aircraft at an angle of attack of 8.0°

if the thermos has a vacuum innner, then heat through conv currents and conduction are reduced = vacuum flask

relativism, roughly put, is the view that truth and falsity, right and wrong, standards of reasoning, and procedures of justification are products of differing conventions and frameworks of assessment and that their authority is confined to the context giving rise to them. more precisely, “relativism” covers views which maintain that—at a high level of abstraction—at least some class of things have the properties they have (e.g., beautiful, morally good, epistemically justified) not simpliciter, but only relative to a given framework of assessment (e.g., local cultural norms, individual standards), and correspondingly, that the truth of claims attributing these properties holds only once the relevant framework of assessment is specified or supplied. relativists characteristically insist, furthermore, that if something is only relatively so, then there can be no framework-independent vantage point from which the matter of whether the thing in question is so can be established.

relativism has been, in its various guises, both one of the most popular and most reviled philosophical doctrines of our time. defenders see it as a harbinger of tolerance and the only ethical and epistemic stance worthy of the open-minded and tolerant. detractors dismiss it for its alleged incoherence and uncritical intellectual permissiveness. debates about relativism permeate the whole spectrum of philosophical sub-disciplines. from ethics to epistemology, science to religion, political theory to ontology, theories of meaning and even logic, philosophy has felt the need to respond to this heady and seemingly subversive idea. discussions of relativism often also invoke considerations relevant to the very nature and methodology of philosophy and to the division between the so-called “analytic and continental” camps in philosophy. and yet, despite a long history of debate going back to plato and an increasingly large body of writing, it is still difficult to come to an agreed definition of what, at its core, relativism is, and what philosophical import it has. this entry attempts to provide a broad account of the many ways in which “relativism” has been defined, explained, defended and criticized.

explanation:

true is the correct answer

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the design of a ski jumping suit involves a trade-off between giving the skiers lift to get higher jumps and ensuring the skier does not face a lot of drag before the jump itself. an expansive suit may to lift the skier higher, but at the same time, it will also increase the air resistance. higher air resistance as the skier goes down the slope limits the speed of the jump. a big suit also increases the risk of losing balance or control, especially if there's a strong gust of wind. while technologically enhanced suits a lot, clothing is not the only factor in a ski jumper’s success. gathering speed while skiing down the slope, ensuring good speed on the ramp, and maintaining good body posture and form in the air all contribute to a ski jumper's success.