Which pressure is the result of the natural tendency of the lungs to decrease their size (because of elasticity) and the opposing tendency of the thoracic wall to pull outward and enlarge the lungs?

Intrapleural pressure

Explanation:

Intrapleural pressure is known as the the pressure lies in the the pleural cavity in the field of physiology. The pressure posses by the  pleural cavity is  smaller than the atm. pressure because of this it is called negative pressure.

The dependency of intrapleural pressure is on atmospheric pressure, he ventilation phase,  and the intrapleural cavity's volume.

A negative intrapleural pressure will give a trans pulmonary pressure which expanding the lungs. Our lungs will collapse towards each other if we do not maintain the negative pressure while exhaling because all the air rush towards lower pressure.

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