In order to determine the surface tension component at the solid / liquid interface (γsl) from contact angle measurements, we must assume some additional relation between ( γsl ) and ( γsv ). in fowke’s method of surface tension components, this is done by separating the two terms, and postulating that the interfacial tension is the geometric mean of the surface tension of the pure phases, and primarily arises from the dispersive forces in the pure materials (so we don’t have an equation relating ( γsl ) and ( γsv ) to each other, but rather to their pure components).

a) based on fowke’s work (referenced in the text), how do you find ( γds )?

b) how does fowke’s method lead you to ( γs )?

think its the third option

so here is the information for current research:

-nrel's geothermal analysts, scientists, and engineers perform a full range of research from developing advanced methods of locating and accessing geothermal resources to exploring innovative technologies to extract and produce clean energy from the heat of the earth

and here is the information for the technology of geothermal energy:

-it's clean and sustainable

-resources of geothermal energy range from the shallow ground to hot water and hot rock found a few miles beneath the earth's surface, and down even deeper to the extremely high temperatures of molten rock called magma

-almost everywhere, the shallow ground or upper 10 feet of the earth's surface maintains a nearly constant temperature between 50° and 60°f (10° and 16°c)

-geothermal heat pumps can tap into this resource to heat and cool buildings

-a geothermal heat pump system consists of a heat pump, an air delivery system (ductwork), and a heat exchanger-a system of pipes buried in the shallow ground near the building

-in the winter, the heat pump removes heat from the heat exchanger and pumps it into the indoor air delivery system

-in the summer, the process is reversed, and the heat pump moves heat from the indoor air into the heat exchanger

-the heat removed from the indoor air during the summer can also be used to provide a free source of hot water

laticia draws the diagram below to show earth’s magnetic field.

answer

the arrows to the right of earth should point up.

answer;

d. are made mostly of liquid

explanation;

-the general   composition and structure planets includes; they have a thick gas and liquid layer covering a small,solid core. mostly the gases are hydrogen and helium atmosphere and layers of liquid hydrogen. for instance neptune and uranus are examples of the outer planets, they have a core covered by ice and ammonia.

-neptune's atmosphere is hydrogen and helium with a bit of methane so there is no oxygen to breath and the interior is made up of frozen water and ammonia with a rock and iron core. thus, there is no liquid water or solid surface to survive.