Amethod for determining the thermal conductivity k and the specific heat of a material is illustrated in the sketch. initially the two identical samples of diameter 60 mm and thickness 10 mm and the thin heater are at a uniform temperature of 23.00°c, while surrounded by an insulating powder. suddenly the heater is energized to provide a uniform heat flux on each of the sample interfaces, and the heat flux is maintained constant for a period of time, . a short time after sudden heating is initiated, the temperature at this interface is related to the heat flux as

what experimental evidence led scientists to change from the previous model to this one?

a few of the positive particles aimed at a gold foil seemed to bounce back.

the colors of light emitted from heated atoms had very specific energies.

experiments with water vapor showed that elements combine in specific proportions.

cathode rays were bent in the same way whenever a magnet was brought near them.

3. dark matter

empty space could also be a simple vacuum

the moving of the box is a result of centripetal force. think of that  as a car or a truck in this case creates a turn, the force of friction performing upon the turned wheels of the car runs centripetal force obligatory for circular motion for the things inside it.