One extremely confusing thing about meeting orbital me-chanics for the first time is that almost anything can be expressed in either the geometric language ofthe orbital elements, or the dynamical language of energy, angular momentum, and so forth. usingthe flight-path angleφ, express the transverse and radial components of the velocity vector in termsof the energye, angular momentumh, the angleφand the radiusr.

The horse latitudes-high-pressure zones about 30 degrees north and 30 degrees south of the equator.-warm air traveling away from the equator cools and sinks-weather tends to be clear and drythe doldrums-low-pressure near equator-air rises and spreads out toward the poles-rising moist air produces clouds and heavy rainthe westerlies-blow from the west-move from the horse latitudes toward the poles.-bring storms across much of the united statesthe tradewinds-blow from the east-move from the horse latitudes toward the equator  -strong, steady winds