How does upwelling affect the weather of a coastal region?

a. the cold surface water results in drier air and less rainfall.

b. the cold surface water results in moist air and more rainfall.

c. the warm surface water results in moist air and more rainfall.

d. the warm surface water results in drier air and less rainfall.

During upwelling, the warm surface water results in moist air and more rainfall. Hence, option (c) is correct.

The given problem is based on the concept of upwelling. The process by which the wind currents tend to bring the water to the surface of ocean is known as upwelling. The phenomenal changes during the upwelling is given as follows:

During upwelling, cold water in the ocean is stirred up and brought to the surface. The warmer surface water is then taken into deeper parts of the ocean. Upwelling allows for nutrient mixing in the ocean and allows for useful gases to circulate well. The warm surface water causes the air to be moisty. When the air is carried landward towards the coast, it leads to rainfall when the saturated air releases the water. The air then becomes cold and dry and it rises up.  Therefore, warm surface water results in moist air and more rainfall.

Thus, we can conclude that during upwelling, the warm surface water results in moist air and more rainfall. Hence, option (c) is correct.

Learn more about the upwelling here:

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Independent variable is something that is changed in a experiment.