Asteel ball of mass 0.500 kg is fastened to a cord that is 70.0 cm long and fixed at the far end. the ball is then released when the cord is horizontal. at the bottom of its path, the ball strikes a 3.00 kg steel block initially at rest on a frictionless surface. the collision is elastic.
find
(a) the speed of the ball and
(b) the speed of the block just after the collision.

a) v₁fin = 3.7059 m/s   (→)

b) v₂fin = 1.0588 m/s     (→)

Explanation:

a) Given

m₁ = 0.5 Kg

L = 70 cm = 0.7 m

v₁in = 0 m/s   ⇒  Kin = 0 J

v₁fin = ?

hin = L = 0.7 m

hfin = 0 m   ⇒    Ufin = 0 J

The speed of the ball before the collision can be obtained as follows

Einitial = Efinal

⇒ Kin + Uin = Kfin + Ufin

⇒ 0 + m*g*hin = 0.5*m*v₁fin² + 0

⇒ v₁fin = √(2*g*hin) = √(2*(9.81 m/s²)*(0.70 m))

⇒ v₁fin = 3.7059 m/s   (→)

b)  Given

m₁ = 0.5 Kg

m₂ = 3.0 Kg

v₁ = 3.7059 m/s    (→)

v₂ = 0 m/s

v₂fin = ?

The speed of the block just after the collision can be obtained using the equation

v₂fin = 2*m₁*v₁ / (m₁ + m₂)

⇒  v₂fin = (2*0.5 Kg*3.7059 m/s) / (0.5 Kg + 3.0 Kg)

⇒  v₂fin = 1.0588 m/s     (→)