Aray diagram is shown.

a light ray strikes a boundary and a second vector into the second material. the second light ray is closer to the normal.

which statement best describes the diagram?

the diagram shows refraction, and medium 1 is denser than medium 2.
the diagram shows refraction, and medium 1 is less dense than medium 2.
the diagram shows reflection, and medium 1 is less dense than medium 2.
the diagram shows reflection, and medium 1 is denser than medium 2.

The diagram shows refraction, and medium 1 is less dense than medium 2.

Explanation:

Here, the ray is traveling from one medium and then after striking the boundary enters another medium. So, this is a case of refraction as in refraction, a light traveling in one medium gets deviated from its straight line path at the boundary separating the two medium.

Normal is a perpendicular line to the boundary at the point of incidence of incident ray.

If the medium in which the light enters is a rarer medium compared to that of medium from which the light ray originates, then the light ray bends away from the normal.

If the medium in which the light enters is a more dense medium compared to that of medium from which the light ray originates, then the light ray bends towards the normal.

Here, the light ray after refraction bends towards the normal. Hence, the medium 1 is less dense or a rarer medium compared to medium 2.

So, the correct statement is:

The diagram shows refraction, and medium 1 is less dense than medium 2.

the minimum constant speed at which she can catch the train is 2.7 m/s

given:

acceleration = 0.6

time = 4.5 s

to find:

velocity = ?

formula used:

from 1st kinematic equation we get,

v = u + at

u = initial speed of train = 0 m/s

v = final speed of the train

a = acceleration of the train

t = time

solution:

from 1st kinematic equation we get,

v = u + at

u = initial speed of train = 0 m/s

v = final speed of the train

a = acceleration of the train

t = time

v = 0 + (0.6 × 4.5)

v = 2.7 m/s

the minimum constant speed at which she can catch the train is 2.7 m/s