Do the follow reactions depict heat of formation reactions? if so

The membrane surrounding a living cell consists of an inner and an outer wall that are separated by a small space. assume that the membrane acts like a parallel plate capacitor in which the effective charge density on the inner and outer walls has a magnitude of 7.0 × 10-6 c/m2. (a) what is the magnitude of the electric field within the cell membrane? (b) find the magnitude of the electric force that would be exerted on a potassium ion (k+; charge = +e) placed inside the membrane.

Ablock of mass m = 2.5 kg is attached to a spring with spring constant k = 790 n/m. it is initially at rest on an inclined plane that is at an angle of 28 degrees with respect to the horizontal, and the coefficient of kinetic friction between the block and the plane is k = 0.14. in the initial position, where the spring is compressed by a distance of a = 0.18 m, the mass is at its lowest position and the spring is compressed the maximum amount. take the initial gravitational energy of the block as zero. b) if the spring pushes the block up the incline, what distance, l, in meters will the block travel before coming to rest? the spring remains attached to both the block and the fixed wall throughout its motion.

What is the efficiency of an engine that does 80 j of work and exhausts 320 j of heat while taking in 400 j of heat ? a. 10% b. 20% c. 80% d. 25%