The howler monkey is the loudest land animal and, under some circumstances, can be heard up to a distance of 8.9 km. assume the acoustic output of a howler to be uniform in all directions and that the threshold of hearing is 1.0 × 10-12 w/m2. a juvenile howler monkey has an acoustic output of 63 ȝw. what is the ratio of the acoustic intensity produced by the juvenile howler to the reference intensity i0, at a distance of 210 m?

The heater element of a 120 v toaster is a 5.4 m length of nichrome wire, whose diameter is 0.48 mm. the resistivity of nichrome at the operating temperature of the toaster is 1.3 × 10-6 ω·m. the toaster is operated at a voltage of 120 v. (a) what is the power drawn by the toaster? (b) if the cost of electricity is 12 ¢ per kilowatt-hour, and it takes 2 minutes to toast bread, how much does it cost for toasted bread? (c) when the heater element is at room temperature, is the resistivity in the nichrome wire greater than, less than, or equal to it’s resistivity when at operating temperature? explain.