Apiece of charcoal used for cooking is found at the remains of an ancient campsite. a 1.09 kg sample of carbon from the wood has an activity of 2020 decays per minute. find the age of the charcoal. living material has an activity of 15 decays/minute per gram of carbon present and the half-life of 14c is 5730 y. answer in units of y.

Aplanet of mass m 6.75 x 1024 kg is orbiting in a circular path a star of mass m 2.75 x 1029 kg. the radius of the orbit is r 8.05 x107 km. what is the orbital period (in earth days) of the planet tplanet?

As part of an industrial process, air as an ideal gas at 10 bar, 400k expands at steady state through a valve to a pressure of 4 bar. the mass flow rate of air is 0.5 kg/s. the air then passes through a heat exchanger where it is cooled to a temperature of 295k with negligible change in pressure. the valve can be modeled as a throttling process, and kinetic and potential energy effects can be neglected. (a) for a control volume enclosing the valve and heat exchanger and enough of the local surroundings that the heat transfer occurs at the ambient temperature of 295 k, determine the rate of entropy production, in kw/k. (b) if the expansion valve were replaced by an adiabatic turbine operating isentropically, what would be the entropy production? compare the results of parts (a) and (b) and discuss.

Global warming will produce rising sea levels partly due to melting ice caps but also due to the expansion of water as average ocean temperatures rise. to get some idea of the size of this effect, calculate the change in length of a column of water 1.00 km high for a temperature increase of 1.00ºc. note that this calculation is only approximate because ocean warming is not uniform with depth. (answer in ×10^{-3} −3 m)