When the rod is circular, radial lines remain straight and sections perpendicular to the axis do not warp. in this case, the strains vary linearly along radial lines. within the proportional limit, the stress also varies linearly along radial lines. if point a is located 6 mm from the center of the rod, what is the magnitude of the shear stress at that point?

An alpha particle with kinetic energy 12.5 mev makes a collision with lead nucleus, but it is not "aimed" at the center of the lead nucleus, and has an initial nonzero angular momentum (with respect to the stationary lead nucleus) of magnitude l = p0 b, where p0 is the magnitude of the initial momentum of the alpha particle and b=1.40×10−12 m. (assume that the lead nucleus remains stationary and that it may be treated as a point charge. the atomic number of lead is 82. the alpha particle is a helium nucleus, with atomic number 2.) what is the distance of closest approach?