Abeam of light passes through a polarizer and then
ananalyzer. in this process, the intensity of the lighttransmitted
is reduced to 10% of the intensity incident on theanalyzer. what is
the angle between the axes of the polarizerand the analyzer?

Angle between the polarizer and analyzer will be 18.43°

Explanation:

Let the original intensity of light is

It is given that when light is passed through through a polarizer  its intenity is decreased by 10 %

So after polarization new intensity of light

We know that when light is passed through a polarizer its intensity is given by

So angle between the polarizer and analyzer will be 18.43°

speed of light in vacuum is 300,000 km/s

speed of light in other mediums is given by the expression v = c/n, where c is the speed of light in vacuum and n is the refractive index of medium.

for the first medium v = 200,000 km/s

  so, refractive index of medium = 300000/200000 = 1.5

    1.5 refractive index is usually for glass. so first medium is glass.

for the second medium v = 250,00 km/s

so, refractive index of medium = 300000/250000 = 1.2

    1.2 refractive index is usually for water. so second medium is water.

for the third medium v = 0 km/s

so, refractive index of medium = 300000/0 = ∞

    ∞ refractive index is usually for opaque mediums. so third medium is opaque medium.

this would be about 43%