Arake acts as a machine by over which the force is applied.

a decreasing the applied force and increasing the distance
b decreasing the applied force and decreasing the distance
c increasing the applied force and decreasing the distance
d increasing the applied force and increasing the distance

A rake acts as a machine by decreasing the applied force and decreasing the distance over which the force is applied. A machine is defined as an object that reduces the input work needed to make something function. Basically, it is something that makes our manual labor easier. Since Work is a function of force and distance, a machine decreases the force and distance needed.

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