Select all the correct answer(s) and explanation(s) for the following statement:

The transition state has a higher free energy than the substrate but not the product.

a. True, because the free-energy difference between the reactants and substrates accounts for the equilibrium of a reaction.
b. False, especially when the product is unstable; in this case, the product will have higher free energy than the substrate and the transition state.
c. While the statement is false, the given reasons for it being false are incorrect.
d. True, because the formation of transition state does not factor in the energy that is released when the transition state becomes a product.
e. False, because the transition state is a short-lived molecular structure that is no longer the substrate but is not yet the product – hence, the product will have a higher free energy. While the statement is true, the given reasons for it being true are incorrect.