What’s parts are needed to make a circuit

Every electric circuit, regardless of where it is or how large or small it is, has four basic parts: an energy source (AC or DC), a conductor (wire), an electrical load (device), and at least one controller (switch). Visualize what happens when you switch on a room light. You toggle or push a switch to "turn on" the light.

Explanation:

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waves moving from a fast medium to a slow medium will experience a reflection as light travels more slowly than red light. total internal reflection occurs when the critical angle is.