In summarizing how the atmosphere is warmed, we said that first, solar passes through the atmosphere unimpeded, heating the ground upon impact. The ground then warms the first few inches of the atmosphere through . As the surface air warms, it becomes less dense and rises, carrying heat vertically through which can then move horizontally through .
a. conduction, radiation, convection, advection
b. radiation, convection, conduction, advection
c. radiation, conduction, advection, convection
d. radiation, conduction, convection, advection

d. radiation, conduction, convection, advection

Explanation:

Radiation is the process in which no medium is required so heat can travel through space. Therefore the heat from the sun heats up the ground without any medium.

The ground spread heat and warms the air above it through conduction as everything is in contact with it even the air is in contact with it. The warm air becomes lighter and rises up heating the air above through convection .

Convection is the process in which air transfers its heat energy by rising up .

Advection is the process in which air warms the atmosphere by moving horizontally.

layers of the earth affect the waves and these effects are seen on instruiments such as seimometers