Ions can cross a membrane without the help of an integral membrane protein. True or False

False

Explanation:

ionic particles, which are hydrophilic, cannot easily cross a membrane. Very small polar molecules, such as water, can cross via simple diffusion due to their small size. Charged atoms or molecules of any size cannot cross the cell membrane via simple diffusion as the charges are repelled. Because these ions can cross the cell membrane, their movement is restricted to protein channels and specialized transport mechanisms in the membrane.

b would be the answer

.) the observation by semmelweis that more mothers died of childbed fever when their doctors also worked in the morgue