If we compare Venus' atmosphere to that of Earth, we find that the temperature in the atmosphere of Venus decreases smoothly with increasing altitude all the way from the surface (hottest) to the outermost parts of the atmosphere (coolest), whereas the temperature in Earth's atmosphere at first decreases, then increases, then decreases again, with increasing altitude. One interpretation of these observations is that Venus has essentially no in its atmosphere.

You have been hired to design a spring-launched roller coaster thatwill carry two passengers per car. the car goes up a 10-m highhill, then descends 15m to the track's lowest point. you'vedetermined that the spring can be compressed a maximum o 2.0m andthat a loaded car will have a maximum mass of 400kg. for safetyreasons, the spring constant should be 10% larger than the minimumneeded for the car to just make it over the top. a) what spring constant (k) should you specify ? b) what is the maximum speed of a 350 kg car if the spring iscompressed the full amount.